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Aside from rubber collection, violence in the Free State chiefly occurred in connection with wars and rebellions. Native states, notably Msiri 's Yeke Kingdom , the Zande Federation , and Swahili-speaking territory in the eastern Congo under slave trader Tippu Tip , refused to recognise colonial authority and were defeated by the Force Publique ...
The Abir Congo Company (founded as the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company and later known as the Compagnie du Congo Belge) was a company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free State, the private property of King Leopold II of Belgium. The company was founded with British and Belgian capital and was based in Belgium.
Other names for this vine are eta, the white rubber vine and the Congo rubber plant. [2] Congo rubber was a commercial rubber exported from the Congo Free State starting in 1890, most notable for its forced harvesting under conditions of great human suffering, in the Congo Free State , detailed in the 1904 Casement Report . [ 3 ]
It was subsequently employed as a tool in the media campaign against the inhumane situation in the Congo Free State, which was largely characterised by rubber exploitation. It is part of the Harris Papers, a collection owned by Anti-Slavery International. [3] [4]
In the Daily Express the book was praised as "the most powerful indictment yet launched against the Belgian rulers of this bloodstained colony". The Express also noted that "After reviewing the early history of the Congo Free State Sir Arthur quotes the testimony of many unimpeachable witnesses regarding the brutalities of the 'rubber system' and the coldblooded mutilation and massacre of ...
However, SAB made efforts to spread the species that produced the most rubber. [16] In 1893 SAB created a string of rubber plantations in the Busira concession, but most rubber was gathered from wild vines in the rainforests. Collection of rubber did not require much skill: the rubber-bearing vine was cut and its sap drained into a bucket.
It was, with the Société Anversoise and the Abir Congo Company, one of the main producers of rubber in the Free State. [2] The company's rubber production declined in the early 20th century as a result of over harvesting of the natural rubber vine (Landolphia owariensis gentili) and the entire concession produced just seven tons of rubber in ...
Bena Dibele has always depended on the river for communication. During the Second Congo War (1998-2003) the town was cut off as all river traffic was halted from December 1998, and the local economy was crippled since farmers could not sell their produce. Finally in March 2002 a barge with 760 tonnes of supplies managed to reach the town.