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Hudson's equation, also known as Hudson formula, is an equation used by coastal engineers to calculate the minimum size of riprap (armourstone) required to provide satisfactory stability characteristics for rubble structures such as breakwaters under attack from storm wave conditions.
the permissible long term average depth of the water table (Dw) on the basis of agricultural drainage criteria; the soil's hydraulic conductivity (Ka and Kb) by measurements; the depth of the bottom of the aquifer (Di) the design drain spacing (L) can be found from the equation in dependence of the drain depth (Dd) and drain radius (r ...
Both the diameter of the pile and the depth of the pile are highly specific to the ground conditions, loading conditions, and nature of the project. Pile depths may vary substantially across a project if the bearing layer is not level. Drilled piles can be tested using a variety of methods to verify the pile integrity during installation.
Pile integrity testing using low-strain tests such as the TDR (Transient Dynamic Response) method, is a rapid way of assessing the continuity and integrity of concrete piled foundations. The test measures: pile length, or depth to anomalies; pile head stiffness; pile shaft mobility, which is dependent on pile section and concrete properties
During uniform flow, the flow depth is known as normal depth (yn). This depth is analogous to the terminal velocity of an object in free fall, where gravity and frictional forces are in balance (Moglen, 2013). [3] Typically, this depth is calculated using the Manning formula. Gradually varied flow occurs when the change in flow depth per change ...
The depth of the dry well allows the water to penetrate soil layers with poor infiltration such as clays into more permeable layers of the vadose zone such as sand. [7] [8] Simple dry wells consist of a pit filled with gravel, riprap, rubble, or other debris. Such pits resist collapse but do not have much storage capacity because their interior ...
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H = depth of flow over the crest (or floor) of the inlet (ft) H e = specific energy head in reference to the crest of the inlet, or the head over the crest of the inlet (ft) v a = mean velocity of approach at which the depth H is measured (ft/s) g = 32.16 ft/s 2