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A typical example of the use of a common-emitter amplifier is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Single-ended npn common-emitter amplifier with emitter degeneration. The AC-coupled circuit acts as a level-shifter amplifier. Here, the base–emitter voltage drop is assumed to be 0.65 volts.
Current in the reference transistor Q 1 is held constant, thereby fixing the compliance voltage. Plots assume I C1 = 10 mA, V A = 50 V, V CC = 5 V, I S = 10 fA, β 1, = 100 independently of current. The current dependence of the resistances r π and r O is discussed in the article hybrid-pi model. The current dependence of the resistor values is:
The theorems are useful in 'circuit analysis' especially for analyzing circuits with feedback [1] and certain transistor amplifiers at high frequencies. [ 2 ] There is a close relationship between Miller theorem and Miller effect: the theorem may be considered as a generalization of the effect and the effect may be thought as of a special case ...
Figure 1: An ideal current source, I, driving a resistor, R, and creating a voltage V. A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it. A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term current sink is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative ...
The current-follower stage presents a load to the common-source stage that is very small, namely the input resistance of the current follower (R L ≈ 1 / g m ≈ V ov / (2I D) ; see common gate). Small R L reduces C M. [2] The article on the common-emitter amplifier discusses other solutions to this problem.
The term grid strength (also system strength) is used to describe the resiliency of the grid to the small changes in the vicinity of the grid location (“grid stiffness”). [5] From the side of an electrical generator, the system strength is related to the changes of voltage the generator encounters on its terminals as the generator's current ...
The transistor continuously monitors V diff and adjusts its emitter voltage to equal V in minus the mostly constant V BE (approximately one diode forward voltage drop) by passing the collector current through the emitter resistor R E. As a result, the output voltage follows the input voltage variations from V BE up to V +; hence the name ...
As a result, the common emitter resistor R E acts nearly as a current source. The output voltages at the collector load resistors R C1 and R C3 are shifted and buffered to the inverting and non-inverting outputs by the emitter followers T4 and T5 (shaded blue). The output emitter resistors R E4 and R E5 do not exist in all versions of ECL. In ...