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The effect of industrialisation shown by rising income levels in the 19th century, including gross national product at purchasing power parity per capita between 1750 and 1900 in 1990 U.S. dollars for the First World, including Western Europe, United States, Canada and Japan, and Third World nations of Europe, Southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America [1] The effect of industrialisation is also ...
Urbanization over the past 500 years [12] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [13]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
The Southern U.S. experienced rapid industrialization after World War II, and is now over three-quarters urban, having almost the same urban percentage in 2010 as the Midwestern United States. [2] Just four U.S. states (out of fifty) have a rural majority today, and even some of these states (such as Mississippi ) are continuing to urbanize.
Only a handful of studies attempt a global history of cities, notably Lewis Mumford, The City in History (1961). [5] Representative comparative studies include Leonardo Benevolo, The European City (1993); Christopher R. Friedrichs, The Early Modern City, 1450-1750 (1995), and James L. McClain, John M. Merriman, and Ugawa Kaoru. eds. Edo and Paris (1994) (Edo was the old name for Tokyo).
The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. As of 2022, countries with more than 80% of people living in urban areas include the United States , Canada , Mexico , Brazil , Argentina , Chile , Japan , Australia , the United Kingdom ...
Excavations at early urban sites show that some cities were sparsely populated political capitals, others were trade centers, and still other cities had a primarily religious focus. Some cities had large dense populations, whereas others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion without having large associated populations.
An urban area [a] is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This is the core of a metropolitan statistical area in the United States, if it contains a population of more than 50,000. [2] Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns ...
Urban Realism is a cultural and artistic movement that developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a reaction to the rapid urbanization and industrialization of cities, particularly in Europe and the United States. The movement is characterized by its focus on the everyday realities of urban life, often highlighting the struggles of ...