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  2. Elam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam

    In ancient times, several names were used to describe this area. The ancient geographer Ptolemy was the earliest to call the area Susiana, referring to the country around Susa. Another ancient geographer, Strabo, viewed Elam and Susiana as two different geographic regions. He referred to Elam ("land of the Elymaei") as primarily the highland ...

  3. Four Great Ancient Civilizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Great_Ancient...

    Between 7000 and 5000 years ago, in the Northern Hemisphere, the Mesopotamia, Nile, Indus, Ganges basins, as well as the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins have successively produced the world's Four Great Ancient Civilizations. These four civilizations have successively entered the Bronze Age from the Neolithic Age, and then entered the ...

  4. Civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization

    The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE. Ancient Egypt is an example of an early culture civilization. [1]A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or ...

  5. Old World - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World

    In the context of archaeology and world history, the term "Old World" includes those parts of the world which were in (indirect) cultural contact from the Bronze Age onwards, resulting in the parallel development of the early civilizations, mostly in the temperate zone between roughly the 45th and 25th parallels north, in the area of the Mediterranean, including North Africa.

  6. History of geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_geography

    The known world of Ancient Egypt saw the Nile as the center, and the world as based upon "the" river. Various oasis were known to the east and west, and were considered locations of various gods (e.g. Siwa , for Amon).

  7. Cradle of civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization

    A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations. A civilization is any complex society characterized by the development of the state , social stratification , urbanization , and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely ...

  8. Ancient history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history

    Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script.

  9. History of the Middle East - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East

    The ancient Near East was the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture and currency-mediated trade (as opposed to barter), gave the rest of the world the first writing system, invented the potter's wheel and then the vehicular and mill wheel, created the first centralized governments and law codes, served as birthplace to the first ...