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The plateau occupies a great part of central Siberia between the Yenisei and Lena rivers. It is located in the Siberian Platform and extends over an area of 3,500,000 km 2 (1,400,000 sq mi), between the Yenisei in the west and the Central Yakutian Lowland in the east.
The Anabar Plateau of the Central Siberian Plateau is one of the oldest structures on Earth, with rocks that are more than 3 billion years old. In its central region it is composed of Archean crystalline schists and gneisses. [5] Along the periphery of the plateau Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic limestones predominate. [1]
The Central Siberian Plateau is an ancient craton (sometimes named Angaraland) that formed an independent continent before the Permian (see the Siberian continent). It is exceptionally rich in minerals, containing large deposits of gold , diamonds , and ores of manganese , lead , zinc , nickel , cobalt , and molybdenum .
The plateau is part of the East Siberian taiga ecoregion. It is entirely covered by somewhat sparse and undersized larch taiga, except on the highest summits where only mountain tundra grows. There are swamps in the river valleys. [4] The Tunguska Plateau is located in the permafrost zone and the soil never thaws at great depths. [5]
North Siberian Lowland, a plain with a relatively flat relief separating the Byrranga Mountains of the Taymyr Peninsula in the north from the Central Siberian Plateau in the south. Area approximately 400,000 km 2 (150,000 sq mi). [6]
About 2.5 billion years ago (in the Siderian Period), Siberia was part of a continent called Arctica, along with the Canadian Shield.Around 1.1 billion years ago (in the Stenian Period), Siberia became part of the supercontinent of Rodinia, a state of affairs which lasted until the Tonian about 750 million years ago when it broke up, and Siberia became part of the landmass of Protolaurasia.
The plateau is dissected diagonally by wide ravines of glacial origin slanting towards the Ob river. They are about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) in width and between 40 meters (130 ft) to 100 meters (330 ft) deep, stretching parallel to each other in a roughly northeast to southwest direction.
The Syverma Plateau is located in central Krasnoyarsk Krai. To the north it merges with the Putorana Mountains and to the west the border with the Tunguska Plateau is not clearly defined. To the east the Syverma Plateau limits with the Vilyuy Plateau. [2] The average height of the plateau is between 600 meters (2,000 ft) and 900 meters (3,000 ft).