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The statue of Athena Parthenos [N 1] (Ancient Greek: Παρθένος Ἀθηνᾶ, lit. 'Athena the Virgin') was a monumental chryselephantine sculpture of the goddess Athena . Attributed to Phidias and dated to the mid-fifth century BCE, it was an offering from the city of Athens to Athena, its tutelary deity .
The shield of Athena Parthenos, sculpted by Phidias, depicts a fallen Amazon. Athena Parthenos was a massive chryselephantine sculpture of Athena, the main cult image inside the Parthenon at Athens, which is now lost, though known from descriptions and small ancient copies. [8]
The Parthenon (/ ˈ p ɑːr θ ə ˌ n ɒ n,-n ən /; Ancient Greek: Παρθενών, romanized: Parthenōn [par.tʰe.nɔ̌ːn]; Greek: Παρθενώνας, romanized: Parthenónas [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple [6] [7] on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena.
The Acropolis at Athens (1846) by Leo von Klenze.Athena's name probably comes from the name of the city of Athens. [4] [5]Athena is associated with the city of Athens. [4] [6] The name of the city in ancient Greek is Ἀθῆναι (Athȇnai), a plural toponym, designating the place where—according to myth—she presided over the Athenai, a sisterhood devoted to her worship. [5]
In Greek mythology, a little owl (Athene noctua) traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom, or Minerva, her syncretic incarnation in Roman mythology. [2] Because of such association, the bird—often referred to as the " owl of Athena " or the " owl of Minerva "—has been used as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom ...
In Roman mythology, Athena was identified with Minerva, who shared many of the traits and characteristics of her Greek counterpart. [14] In relating the Judgement of Paris for Roman audiences, Ovid varies from the Greek traditions regarding Athena by describing Juno, Minerva, and Venus, stripped naked for the Trojan prince's evaluation. [15]
The metopes have a purely warlike theme, like the decoration of the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos housed in the Parthenon. It seems to be an evocation of the opposition between order and chaos, between the human and the animal (sometimes animal tendencies in the human), between civilization and barbarism.
The Varvakeion Athena is a Roman-era statue of Athena Parthenos now part of the collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. It is generally considered to be the most faithful reproduction of the chryselephantine statue made by Phidias and his assistants, which once stood in the Parthenon . [ 1 ]