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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
The effective mass of the spring in a spring-mass system when using a heavy spring (non-ideal) of uniform linear density is of the mass of the spring and is independent of the direction of the spring-mass system (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and oblique systems all have the same effective mass). This is because external acceleration does not ...
Since the deformation does not involve enthalpy change, the change in free energy can simply be calculated as the change in entropy. Note that the force equation resembles the behaviour of a spring and follows Hooke's law: =, where F is the force, k is the spring constant and x is
The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: . Young's modulus E describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height),
While some of the energy transferred can end up stored as the kinetic energy of acquired velocity, the deformation of component objects results in stored elastic energy. A prototypical elastic component is a coiled spring. The linear elastic performance of a spring is parametrized by a constant of proportionality, called the spring constant.
As such, microscopic factors affecting the free energy, such as the equilibrium distance between molecules, can affect the elasticity of materials: for instance, in inorganic materials, as the equilibrium distance between molecules at 0 K increases, the bulk modulus decreases. [11]
Eq. 2 is the cumulative Weibull distribution with scale parameter and shape parameter ; = [^ ()] = constant factor depending on the structure geometry, = structure volume; = relative (size-independent) coordinate vectors, ^ = dimensionless stress field (dependent on geometry), scaled so that the maximum stress be 1; = number of spatial ...