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The general idea behind modern antiviral drug design is to identify viral proteins, or parts of proteins, that can be disabled. [11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8]
List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...
Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles.
Pokeweed antiviral protein is a ribosome inactivating protein that provides pokeweed plants protection against both viral and fungal infections. [1] It also protects other types of plants that have genetically engineered to express RAP that do not normally do so. [ 1 ]
The NS5A protein plays an important role in viral RNA replication, viral assembly, and complex interactions with cellular functions. [2] [17] The protein has been implicated in the modulation of host defenses, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and stress-responsive pathways. [27] However, its function and complete structure have yet to be elucidated. [16]
CD4 specific Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins potently block viral entry of diverse strains and are being developed and studied as potential microbicide candidates [9] A polyclonal caprine antibody is in phase II human clinical trials that targets, among others sites, the GP41 transmembrane glycoprotein. The trials are being conducted by ...
BSAs work by inhibiting viral proteins (such as polymerases and proteases) or by targeting host cell factors and processes exploited by different viruses during infection. [1] As of 2021, there are 150 known BSAs in varying stages of development, effective against 78 human viruses. [ 2 ]
The term viral protein refers to both the products of the genome of a virus and any host proteins incorporated into the viral particle. Viral proteins are grouped according to their functions, and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins , nonstructural proteins , regulatory proteins , and accessory proteins. [ 1 ]