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Using tempered glass can pose a security risk in some situations because of the tendency of the glass to shatter completely upon hard impact rather than leaving shards in the window frame. [10] The surface of tempered glass does exhibit surface waves caused by contact with flattening rollers, if it has been formed using this process.
Such glass is subjected to less thermal stress and can withstand temperature differentials without fracturing of about 165 °C (300 °F). [1] It is commonly used for the construction of reagent bottles and flasks, as well as lighting, electronics, and cookware. For many other applications, soda-lime glass is more common.
Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO 2, 0. ...
Thermal shock resistance measures can be used for material selection in applications subject to rapid temperature changes. The maximum temperature jump, , sustainable by a material can be defined for strength-controlled models by: [4] [3] = where is the failure stress (which can be yield or fracture stress), is the coefficient of thermal expansion, is the Young's modulus, and is a constant ...
Their investigation confirmed the borosilicate glass would withstand a much larger rapid temperature change. According to their calculation and those of others, soda lime glass cookware shatters more frequently because, in theory, it can only resist fracture stress for temperature differentials less than about 55 °C (99 °F).
It is often used where security is a concern. It has a larger break pattern than tempered, but because it holds its shape (unlike the "wet blanket" effect of tempered laminated glass) it remains in the opening and can withstand more force for a longer period of time, making it much more difficult to get through.
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