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The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] It is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a mass through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force.
Figure 1. Franck–Condon principle energy diagram. For ionization of a diatomic molecule, the only nuclear coordinate is the bond length. The lower curve is the potential energy curve of the neutral molecule, and the upper curve is for the positive ion with a longer bond length. The blue arrow is vertical ionization, here from the ground state ...
These tables list values of molar ionization energies, measured in kJ⋅mol −1. This is the energy per mole necessary to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or atomic ions. The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms.
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
An ion (/ ˈ aɪ. ɒ n,-ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons ...
1. These words describe things that are part of something larger. 2. Essential tools for creating music. 3. Characteristics/qualities of a large mammal. 4. These words are related to a particular ...
They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380 649 × 10 −23 joules per kelvin. [1] Correspondingly, the SI units for temperature and energy are calibrated to one another so that k B kelvin = 1.380 649 × 10 −23 joules.
It's a classic tale: You have last-minute guests coming over for dinner or a bake sale fundraiser you didn't find out about until the night before—and now you need to concoct some tasty treats ...