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  2. Mortar (masonry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)

    Gypsum mortar, also called plaster of Paris, was used in the construction of many ancient structures. It is made from gypsum, which requires a lower firing temperature. It is therefore easier to make than lime mortar and sets up much faster, which may be a reason it was used as the typical mortar in ancient, brick arch and vault construction.

  3. Lime mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_mortar

    Lime mortar or torching [1] [2] is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar, used in ancient Rome and Greece , when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction.

  4. Plaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster

    Plaster was first used as a building material and for decoration in the Middle East at least 7,000 years ago. In Egypt, gypsum was burned in open fires, crushed into powder, and mixed with water to create plaster, used as a mortar between the blocks of pyramids and to provide a smooth wall facing.

  5. Plasterwork - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterwork

    Lime plastering is composed of lime, sand, hair and water in proportions varying according to the nature of the work to be done. The lime mortar principally used for internal plastering is that calcined from chalk, oyster shells or other nearly pure limestone, and is known as fat, pure, chalk or rich lime.

  6. Lime plaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_plaster

    Lime plaster is a type of plaster composed of sand, water, and lime, usually non-hydraulic hydrated lime (also known as slaked lime, high calcium lime or air lime). Ancient lime plaster often contained horse hair for reinforcement and pozzolan additives to reduce the working time.

  7. Gypsum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum

    Gypsum mortar is an ancient mortar used in construction. A component of Portland cement used to prevent flash setting (too rapid hardening) of concrete . A wood substitute in the ancient world: For example, when wood became scarce due to deforestation on Bronze Age Crete , gypsum was employed in building construction at locations where wood was ...

  8. Lime (material) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(material)

    Lime used in building materials is broadly classified as "pure", "hydraulic", and "poor" lime; [11] can be natural or artificial; and may be further identified by its magnesium content such as dolomitic or magnesium lime. Uses include lime mortar, lime plaster, lime render, lime-ash floors, tabby concrete, whitewash, silicate mineral paint, and ...

  9. Lath and plaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath_and_plaster

    Lime or gypsum plaster is then applied, typically using a wooden board as the application tool. The applier drags the board upward over the wall, forcing the plaster into the gaps between the lath and leaving a layer on the front the depth of the temporary guides, typically about 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.4 mm).