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  2. p53 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53

    p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates , where they prevent cancer formation. [ 5 ]

  3. p21 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P21

    p21 Cip1 (alternatively p21 Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, [5] though is primarily associated with inhibition of CDK2.

  4. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    Chk1/2 phosphorylate cdc25 which, in addition to being inhibited, is also sequestered in the cytoplasm by the 14-3-3 proteins. 14-3-3 are upregulated by p53, which, as previously mentioned, is activated by Chk1 and ATM/ATR. p53 also transactivates p21, and both p21 and the 14-3-3 in turn inhibit cyclin B-cdc2 complexes through the ...

  5. Retinoblastoma protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma_protein

    19645 Ensembl ENSG00000139687 ENSMUSG00000022105 UniProt P06400 P13405 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000321 NM_009029 RefSeq (protein) NP_000312 NP_000312.2 NP_033055 Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 48.3 – 48.6 Mb Chr 14: 73.42 – 73.56 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb ; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor ...

  6. Cellular senescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_senescence

    There are two primary tumor suppressor pathways known to mediate senescence: p14arf/p53 and INK4A/RB. [4] More specifically p16INK4a-pRb tumor suppressor and p53 are known effectors of senescence. Most cancer cells have a mutated p53 and p16INK4a-pRb, which allows the cancer cells to escape a senescent fate. [41]

  7. Tumor suppressor gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene

    p53 mutations can function as a dominant negative, meaning that a mutated p53 protein can prevent the function of the natural protein produced from the non-mutated allele. [9] Other tumor-suppressor genes that do not follow the two-hit rule are those that exhibit haploinsufficiency , including PTCH in medulloblastoma and NF1 in neurofibroma .

  8. Transcription factor Jun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_Jun

    Rb is a growth suppressor, and it is inactivated by phosphorylation. ... In cells absent of c-jun, the expression of p53 (cell cycle arrest inducer) and p21 (CDK ...

  9. CDKN2A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN2A

    P14ARF is a central actor of the cell cycle regulation process as it participates to the ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway and the Rb-E2F-1 pathway. [15] It is the physiological inhibitor of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase controlling the activity and stability of P53, and loss of P14ARF activity may have a similar effect as loss of P53. [ 16 ]