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  2. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    [ii] A posteriori knowledge depends on empirical evidence. Examples include most fields of science and aspects of personal knowledge. The terms originate from the analytic methods found in Organon, a collection of works by Aristotle. Prior analytics (a priori) is about deductive logic, which comes from definitions and first principles.

  3. Empirical evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence

    A thing is evidence for a proposition if it epistemically supports this proposition or indicates that the supported proposition is true. Evidence is empirical if it is constituted by or accessible to sensory experience. There are various competing theories about the exact definition of the terms evidence and empirical. Different fields, like ...

  4. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).

  5. Prima facie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_facie

    Prima facie (/ ˌ p r aɪ m ə ˈ f eɪ ʃ i,-ʃ ə,-ʃ i iː /; from Latin prīmā faciē) is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", [1] or "based on first impression". [2] The literal translation would be "at first face" or "at first appearance", from the feminine forms of primus ("first") and facies ("face"), both in the ablative case.

  6. Scientific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

    Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls. [citation needed]

  7. Evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence

    The meaning of the term "evidence" in phenomenology shows many parallels to its epistemological usage, but it is understood in a narrower sense. Thus, evidence here specifically refers to intuitive knowledge, which is described as "self-given" (selbst-gegeben). [26]

  8. Contronym - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contronym

    In Spanish dar (basic meaning "to give"), when applied to lessons or subjects, can mean "to teach", "to take classes" or "to recite", depending on the context. [22] Similarly with the French verb apprendre , which usually means "to learn" but may refer to the action of teaching someone. [ 23 ]

  9. Beneficence (ethics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneficence_(ethics)

    Beneficence is a concept in research ethics that states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. The antonym of this term, maleficence , describes a practice that opposes the welfare of any research participant.