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The most common adverse effects of tramadol include nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, indigestion, abdominal pain, vertigo, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, and headache. [34] [35] Other side effects may result from interactions with other medications. Tramadol has the same dose-dependent adverse effects as morphine including respiratory ...
Tramadol and tapentadol carry additional risks associated with their dual effects as SNRIs and can cause serotonin syndrome and seizures. Despite these risks, there is evidence to suggest that these drugs have a lower risk of respiratory depression compared to morphine.
Bradycardia; Hypertension (high blood pressure); Allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnoea (shortness of breath), bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic oedema) Anaphylaxis; Changes in appetite
Hydromorphone is extensively metabolized in the liver to hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, which has no analgesic effects. As similarly seen with the morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, a build-up in levels of hydromorphone-3-glucuronide may produce excitatory neurotoxic effects such as restlessness, myoclonus and hyperalgesia. Patients ...
This requires them to increase their drug dosage to maintain the benefit, and that in turn also increases the unwanted side effects. [72] Long-term opioid use can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is a condition in which the patient has increased sensitivity to pain. [95] All of the opioids can cause side effects. [64]
The morphine treatment continued even after the patient showed signs of having a toxic reaction to it — even seizures, prosecutors claim. Vitas then elevated the patient to its crisis care service to deal with the reaction it had caused, according to the lawsuit, at a cost of four times the standard rate.
Morphine is used primarily to treat both acute and chronic severe pain.Its duration of analgesia is about three to seven hours. [12] [13] Side effects of nausea and constipation are rarely severe enough to warrant stopping treatment.
The hospice philosophy, as it is often described, is meant to be “holistic” care – tending to the emotional and spiritual needs of patients and their families. Instead of treatments, hospice practitioners seek to make patients as comfortable as possible. Morphine and other pain drugs are commonly used.