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In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. The concept of redirection is quite old, dating back to the earliest operating systems (OS).
The C shell (csh or the improved version, tcsh) is a Unix shell created by Bill Joy while he was a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been widely distributed, beginning with the 2BSD release of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) which Joy first distributed in 1978.
The C date and time functions are a group of functions in the standard library of the C programming language implementing date and time manipulation operations. [1] They provide support for time acquisition, conversion between date formats, and formatted output to strings.
Standard output is a stream to which a program writes its output data. The program requests data transfer with the write operation. Not all programs generate output.
Hamilton C shell: Win32, OS/2 csh 1988 [12] Yes (OS/2 version no longer maintained) Optional Optional Proprietary: No Text-based CLI No No Yes (-t timestamp operator) Yes Yes (stdin, stdout, stdout+stderr) Yes (via variables and options) Yes (via login.csh, startup.csh and logout.csh) Yes (command line option) Yes Yes Scsh: POSIX: scsh 1994 Yes ? ?
An introduction on Linux I/O Redirection "Linux I/O Redirection" Archived 10 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine with tee; GNU tee manual: duplicate standard input – Shell and Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 4 from The Open Group; Plan 9 Programmer's Manual, Volume 1; Inferno General commands Manual
Software timekeeping systems vary widely in the resolution of time measurement; some systems may use time units as large as a day, while others may use nanoseconds.For example, for an epoch date of midnight UTC (00:00) on 1 January 1900, and a time unit of a second, the time of the midnight (24:00) between 1 January 1900 and 2 January 1900 is represented by the number 86400, the number of ...
A pipeline of three program processes run on a text terminal. In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing.