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NATO was established on 4 April 1949 via the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty). The 12 founding members of the Alliance were: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ˈ n eɪ t oʊ / NAY-toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental transnational military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
Relations between the NATO military alliance and the Russian Federation were established in 1991 within the framework of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council.In 1994, Russia joined the Partnership for Peace program, and on 27 May 1997, the NATO–Russia Founding Act (NRFA) was signed at the 1997 Paris NATO Summit in France, enabling the creation of the NATO–Russia Permanent Joint Council ...
Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord.nato; Secrétaire général de l'OTAN; Retrait de l'OTAN; Portail:Guerre russo-ukrainienne; Portail:Guerre russo-ukrainienne/Portails connexes; View more global usage of this file.
In 2003, Kommersant newspaper published a map of the Russian military presence abroad. [3] In 2018, it was reported that Russia operates at least 21 significant military facilities overseas. [4] For the list of military bases inside of Russia and occupied territories, see List of Russian military bases.
A map history of Russia (1983) Chew, Allen F. An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders (2nd ed. 1967) Gilbert, Martin. Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search; Henry, Laura A. Red to green: environmental activism in post-Soviet Russia (2010) Kaiser, Robert J.
The Psou crossing point. The border starts in the west at the point where the Psou river enters the Black Sea, just west of the town of the Leselidze.It then follows the Psou as it flows north and then east to the vicinity of Mount Agepsta, whereupon it then follows the crest of the Caucasus Mountains broadly south-eastwards over to the mount Zekara.
The Latvia–Russia border is the state border between Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation ().The length of the border is 283.6 kilometres (176.2 mi). [1] Since 2004, it has been an eastern part of external border of the European Union, Schengen Area and NATO.