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Rumination is sometimes described as rare, [2] but has also been described as not rare, but rather rarely recognized. [21] The disorder has a female predominance. [11] The typical age of adolescent onset is 12.9, give or take 0.4 years (±), with males affected sooner than females (11.0 ± 0.8 for males versus 13.8 ± 0.5 for females). [3]
Conventional DMARDs are known to be the first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. [9] Treatment can be a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-arthritic medications. Common DMARDs include oral methotrexate, leflunomide, or sulfasalazine. Conventional DMARDs have a slow onset of action and can take 2–3 months to exhibit effect. [9]
State rumination, which involves dwelling on the consequences and feelings associated with the failure. State rumination is more common in people who are pessimistic, neurotic, and who have negative attributional styles. [30] Action rumination, which consists of task-oriented thought processes focused on goal-achievement and correction of mistakes.
In addition, it can interact with medications used for inflammatory arthritis, such as methotrexate and azathioprine, she says. Related: 4 Supplements You Shouldn't Be Taking If You Have High ...
When treatment with DMARDs fails, cyclophosphamide or steroid pulse therapy is often used to stabilise uncontrolled autoimmune disease. Some severe autoimmune diseases are being treated with bone marrow transplants in clinical trials , usually after cyclophosphamide therapy has failed.
[131] [58] This benefit from the combination of methotrexate with biologics occurs both when this combination is the initial treatment and when drugs are prescribed in a sequential or step-up manner. [58] Triple therapy consisting of methotrexate, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine may also effectively control disease activity. [132]
For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination. [3]
These thoughts are part of the human condition and do not ruin the life of the person experiencing it. [19] Treatment is available when the thoughts are associated with OCD and become persistent, severe, or distressing. One example of an aggressive intrusive thought is the high place phenomenon, the sudden urge to jump from a high place.