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Most spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disk containing stars, gas and dust, and a central concentration of stars known as the bulge. These are often surrounded by a much fainter halo of stars, many of which reside in globular clusters. Spiral galaxies are named by their spiral structures that extend from the center into the galactic disc.
These types of irregular galaxies also have high amounts of dark matter. [11] Irregular galaxies are considered late-type along with spiral galaxies as opposed to early type elliptical galaxies. [12] Some of the irregular galaxies, especially of the Magellanic type, are small spiral galaxies that are being distorted by the gravity of a larger ...
Spiral galaxy UGC 12591 is classified as an S0/Sa galaxy. [1]The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926. [2] [3] It is often known colloquially as the “Hubble tuning-fork” because of the shape in which it is traditionally represented.
Elliptical and lenticular galaxies are commonly referred to together as "early-type" galaxies, while spirals and irregular galaxies are referred to as "late types". This nomenclature is the source of the common, [ 18 ] but erroneous, belief that the Hubble sequence was intended to reflect a supposed evolutionary sequence, from elliptical ...
Dwarf spiral galaxies, particularly the dwarf counterparts of Sa-Sc type spiral galaxies, are quite rare. In contrast, dwarf elliptical galaxies, dwarf irregular galaxies, and the dwarf versions of Magellanic type galaxies (which may be considered transitory between spiral and irregular in terms of morphology) are very common. [1]
A 2012 paper that suggests a new classification system, first proposed by the Canadian astronomer Sidney van den Bergh, for lenticular and dwarf spheroidal galaxies (S0a-S0b-S0c-dSph) that parallels the Hubble sequence for spirals and irregulars (Sa-Sb-Sc-Im) reinforces this idea showing how the spiral–irregular sequence is very similar to ...
Something similar might be happening with IC 3583. This small galaxy is thought to be gravitationally interacting with one of its neighbours, the spiral Messier 90. Together, the duo form a pairing known as Arp 76. It is still unclear whether these flirtations are the cause of IC 3583's irregular appearance. [2]
The spiral morphology of BX442, while similar to many modern-day galaxies, makes it unusual in the young universe. According to study co-author Alice E. Shapley of UCLA, "The vast majority of old galaxies look like train wrecks. Our first thought was, why is this one so different, and so beautiful?"