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UL 94, the Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing, is a plastics flammability standard released by Underwriters Laboratories of the United States. [1] The standard determines the material's tendency to either extinguish or spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited.
A major polycarbonate market is the production of compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. [13] These discs are produced by injection-molding polycarbonate into a mold cavity that has on one side a metal stamper containing a negative image of the disc data, while the other mold side is a mirrored surface.
Although single layer polycarbonate sheeting is more flexible than polycarbonate in twinwall configuration, it still retains significant advantages over alternative materials, including glass. A typical 6mm sheet has a density of 0.72 g/cm^2 [6] and a thermal insulation R value of 0.3 m^2°C/W, while allowing 80% of visible light pass through. [7]
Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde.
FR-4 (or FR4) is a NEMA grade designation for glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material. FR-4 is a composite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant (self-extinguishing).
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Sheets of PMMA are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in). These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic engineering polymer that is used as an insulator in the electrical and electronics industries. [2] It is a thermoplastic (semi-)crystalline polymer, and a type of polyester.