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For much of modern history, a "crime against nature" was understood by courts to be synonymous to "buggery", and to include anal sex (copulation per anum) and bestiality.[2] [3] Early court decisions agreed that fellatio (copulation per os) was not included, though mainly because the practice was not spoken about when the common-law definition was established (the first attempted fellatio ...
On the other hand, the presence of one or more mitigating circumstances when a crime is committed, can serve to reduce the penalty imposed. An example is voluntary surrender. Lastly, the presence of aggravating circumstances will increase the penalty imposed under the crime, upon conviction. Some examples are contempt or insult to public authority.
A Writ of Kalikasan is a legal remedy under Philippine law that provides protection of one's constitutional right to a healthy environment, as outlined in Section 16, Article II of the Philippine Constitution, which states that the "state shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature."
Operations, which fall under environmental welfare can include hydrogeological, physical, and/ or chemical processes or substances. The goal of environmental warfare is not to kill the enemies but to generate a partial health damage for their societies or to distract the enemy in order to prevent or hinder attacks.
Rape in the Philippines is considered a criminal offense. In Philippine jurisprudence, it is a heinous crime punishable by reclusión perpetua when committed against women. Rape of males is also legally recognized as rape by sexual assault, which is penalized by imprisonment of six to twelve years. [8] [9]
Universal jurisdiction is a legal principle that allows states or international organizations to prosecute individuals for serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, regardless of where the crime was committed and irrespective of the accused's nationality or residence. Rooted in the belief that certain offenses ...
5.1 Title One: Crimes against national security and the law of nations 5.2 Title Two: Crimes against the fundamental laws of the state 5.3 Title Three: Crimes against public order
Philippine extrajudicial killings are politically motivated murders committed by government officers, punished by local and international law or convention.They include assassinations; deaths due to strafing or indiscriminate firing; massacre; summary execution is done if the victim becomes passive before the moment of death (i.e., abduction leading to death); assassination means forthwith or ...