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  2. Sociology of punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_punishment

    The sociology of punishment seeks to understand why and how we punish. Punishment involves the intentional infliction of pain and/or the deprivation of rights and liberties. . Sociologists of punishment usually examine state-sanctioned acts in relation to law-breaking; for instance, why citizens give consent to the legitimation of acts of viole

  3. Sociological theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_theory

    A sociological theory is a supposition that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective, [1]: 14 drawing connections between individual concepts in order to organize and substantiate sociological knowledge.

  4. Deviance (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)

    This theory, while very much a symbolic interactionist theory, also has elements of conflict theory, as the dominant group has the power to decide what is deviant and acceptable and enjoys the power behind the labeling process. An example of this is a prison system that labels people convicted of theft, and because of this they start to view ...

  5. Social theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_theory

    Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. [1] A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity.

  6. Punishment and Social Structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_and_Social...

    Punishment and Social Structure (1939), a book written by Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer, is the seminal Marxian analysis of punishment as a social institution. [1] It represents the "most sustained and comprehensive account of punishment to have emerged from within the Marxist tradition" and "succeeds in opening up a whole vista of understanding which simply did not exist before it was ...

  7. Deterrence (penology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_(penology)

    There are two main goals of deterrence theory. Individual deterrence is the aim of punishment to discourage the offender from criminal acts in the future. The belief is that when punished, offenders recognise the unpleasant consequences of their actions on themselves and will change their behaviour accordingly.

  8. Punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment

    Punishment can be explained by positive prevention theory to use the criminal justice system to teach people what are the social norms for what is correct, and acts as a reinforcement. Punishment can serve as a means for society to publicly express denunciation of an action as being criminal.

  9. Social control theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_control_theory

    Another early form of the theory was proposed by Reiss (1951) [3] who defined delinquency as, "...behavior consequent to the failure of personal and social controls." ." Personal control was defined as, "...the ability of the individual to refrain from meeting needs in ways which conflict with the norms and rules of the community" while social control was, "...the ability of social groups or ...