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Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or “piles”. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades.
Internal hemorrhoids originate above the pectinate line. [16] They are covered by columnar epithelium, which lacks pain receptors. [2] They were classified in 1985 into four grades based on the degree of prolapse: [1] [2] Grade I: No prolapse, just prominent blood vessels [6] Grade II: Prolapse upon bearing down, but spontaneous reduction
Pruritus ani is the irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to scratch. [1] The intensity of anal itching increases from moisture, [2] pressure, and rubbing caused by clothing and sitting. At worst, anal itching causes intolerable discomfort that often is accompanied by burning and soreness.
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
Perianal streptococcal dermatitis most commonly affects children between 6 months and 10 years old, with males being more commonly affected than females. [1] Results from a systematic literature review further supports this as a majority of childhood cases of perianal streptococcal cellulitis occurred in males younger than 7 years old. [1]
Tinea cruris (TC), also known as jock itch, is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin and buttocks region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates.
Rectal bleeding refers to bleeding in the rectum, thus a form of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.There are many causes of rectal hemorrhage, including inflamed hemorrhoids (which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads), rectal varices, proctitis (of various causes), stercoral ulcers, and infections.
Dermatitis artefacta, also known as Factitious dermatitis, is a form of factitious disorder in which patients will intentionally feign symptoms and produce signs of disease in an attempt to assume the patient role. It is also self-inflicted skin damage, most commonly from prolonged deliberate scratching, but sometimes by means of sharp ...