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In the Y-factor technique, P out is measured for two different, known values of T R. P out is then converted to an effective temperature T out (in units of kelvin) by dividing by k B and the measurement bandwidth B. The two values of T out are then plotted as a function of T R (also in units of kelvin), and a line is fit to these points (see ...
The Y-factor method is a common measurement technique for this purpose. [1] By using a noise diode, the output noise of an amplifier is measured using two input noise levels, and by measuring the output noise factor (referred to as Y) the noise figure of the amplifier can be determined without having to measure the amplifier gain.
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
y C, y T are the distances from the PNA to their centroids. Plastic section modulus and elastic section modulus can be related by a shape factor k: = = This is an indication of a section's capacity beyond the yield strength of material. The shape factor for a rectangular section is 1.5. [1]
Using the factor rate provided by the lender, you can quickly calculate the cost of the borrowed funds. For example, if you borrowed $100,000 with a factor rate of 1.5, multiply those two figures ...
For example, on a plot axis showing log 2 fold changes, an 8-fold increase will be displayed at an axis value of 3 (since 2 3 = 8). However, there is no mathematical reason to only use logarithm to base 2, and due to many discrepancies in describing the log 2 fold changes in gene/protein expression , a new term " loget " has been proposed.
Here, 3 (the multiplier) and 4 (the multiplicand) are the factors, and 12 is the product. One of the main properties of multiplication is the commutative property, which states in this case that adding 3 copies of 4 gives the same result as adding 4 copies of 3:
where ln denotes the natural logarithm, is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, and R is the ideal gas constant.This equation is exact at any one temperature and all pressures, derived from the requirement that the Gibbs free energy of reaction be stationary in a state of chemical equilibrium.