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Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow to the body's organs due to the dysfunction of the heart. Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and decreased level of consciousness.
RNCHAMPS (pronounced "R, N, champs") is a mnemonic acronym used to recall the types of shock.The mnemonic is alternately known as CRAMPS NH ("Cramps, New Hampshire") or NH-CRAMPS ("New Hampshire cramps"). [1]
A common type of surgical shock is hypovolemic shock, which is often caused by blood loss. [1] [2] Other types of shock include cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive. [3] [4] Failure to identify and treat the underlying cause of shock in any setting may lead to irreversible multiple organ damage, organ failure, and death. [2] [4] [1]
Many of the signs of obstructive shock are similar to cardiogenic shock, although treatments differ. Symptoms of obstructive shock include: Abnormal heart rhythms, often a fast heart rate. [citation needed] Reduced blood pressure. [citation needed] Cool, clammy, mottled skin, often due to low blood pressure and vasoconstriction. [citation needed]
The physiology of obstructive shock is similar to cardiogenic shock. In both types, the heart's output of blood (cardiac output) is decreased. This causes a back-up of blood into the veins entering the right atrium. [3] Jugular venous distension can be observed in the neck. This finding can be seen in obstructive and cardiogenic shock.
Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is an inflammatory state of pathophysiology that can occur after a patient is resuscitated from a cardiac arrest. [1] While in a state of cardiac arrest, the body experiences a unique state of global ischemia.
Vasodilatory shock, vasogenic shock, or vasoplegic shock is a medical emergency belonging to shock along with cardiogenic shock, septic shock, allergen-induced shock and hypovolemic shock. When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation .
Coronary Vasculature. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) refers to the pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure.The heart's function is to perfuse blood to the body; however, the heart's own myocardium (heart muscle) must, itself, be supplied for its own muscle function.