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2 CuCl + 1 / 2 O 2 + 2 HCl → 2 CuCl 2 + H 2 O Only the alkene and oxygen are consumed. Without copper(II) chloride as an oxidizing agent , Pd(0) metal (resulting from beta-hydride elimination of Pd(II) in the final step) would precipitate, stopping Philips' reaction after one cycle.
A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. [1] The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. [2] Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.
The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals.The term inert-pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16.
A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics.
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. [6] The CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as
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The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes.The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally liquid ammonia) with an alkali metal (traditionally sodium) and a proton source (traditionally an alcohol).
RM n ° + RM m ° → P n+m; 2. Disproportionation is the transfer of a hydrogen atom from one chain to the other, so that the two product chain molecules are unchanged in length but are no longer free radicals: RM n ° + RM m ° → P n + P m; Initiation, propagation and termination steps also occur in chain reactions of smaller molecules ...