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The net acceleration may be resolved into two components: tangential acceleration and centripetal acceleration. Unlike tangential acceleration, centripetal acceleration is present in both uniform and non-uniform circular motion. This diagram shows the normal force (n) pointing in other directions rather than opposite to the weight force.
are called the tangential acceleration and the normal or radial acceleration (or centripetal acceleration in circular motion, see also circular motion and centripetal force), respectively. Geometrical analysis of three-dimensional space curves, which explains tangent, (principal) normal and binormal, is described by the Frenet–Serret formulas ...
The radial acceleration (perpendicular to direction of motion) is given by = =. It is directed towards the center of the rotational motion, and is often called the centripetal acceleration . The angular acceleration is caused by the torque , which can have a positive or negative value in accordance with the convention of positive and negative ...
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
The acceleration now has a tangential component, as shown the image at right. This case is used to demonstrate a derivation strategy based on a polar coordinate system . Let r ( t ) be a vector that describes the position of a point mass as a function of time.
The inward radial acceleration of a radial = v 2 /r is caused by a single unbalanced centripetal force T. The fact that the tension force is unbalanced means that, in this frame, the centrifugal (radially-outward) force on the stone is zero.
In classical mechanics, the Euler acceleration (named for Leonhard Euler), also known as azimuthal acceleration [8] or transverse acceleration [9] is an acceleration that appears when a non-uniformly rotating reference frame is used for analysis of motion and there is variation in the angular velocity of the reference frame's axis. This article ...
The notation for angular velocity and angular acceleration is often defined as = ˙, = ¨, so the radial and tangential acceleration components for circular trajectories are also written as =, =. Point trajectories in a body moving in the plane