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Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... This is a list of some experimental laboratory atomic clocks worldwide. ... Image CS1 [1] 1969 Cs 7 × 10 ...
The United States Naval Observatory began the A.1 scale on 13 September 1956, using an Atomichron commercial atomic clock, followed by the NBS-A scale at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado on 9 October 1957. [9] The International Time Bureau (BIH) began a time scale, T m or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and ...
List of UTC timing centers is a list of over 70 recognized maintainers of atomic clocks around the world from which UTC is calculated. [1] Below are links to some of the more notable time centers which contribute to the calculation of UTC.
Data points representing atomic clocks around the world that define International Atomic Time (TAI) National laboratories usually operate a range of clocks. These are operated independently of one another and their measurements are sometimes combined to generate a scale that is more stable and more accurate than that of any individual ...
International Atomic Time (TAI) [12] is the primary physically realized time standard. TAI is produced by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), and is based on the combined input of many atomic clocks around the world, [13] each corrected for environmental and relativistic effects (both gravitational and because of speed ...
The Atomichron was the world's first commercial atomic clock, built by the National Company, Inc. of Malden, Massachusetts. It was also the first self-contained portable atomic clock and was a caesium standard clock. More than 50 clocks with the trademarked Atomichron name were produced. [1] [2] [3] [4]
In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four cesium-beam atomic clocks aboard commercial airliners. They flew twice around the world, first eastward, then westward, and compared the clocks in motion to stationary clocks at the United States Naval Observatory.
The feasibility of measuring time using caesium as an atomic reference had been demonstrated by the US National Bureau of Standards. In 1955, he developed, [ 2 ] in collaboration with Jack Parry, the first practical atomic clock by integrating the caesium atomic standard with conventional quartz crystal oscillators to allow calibration of ...