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Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest personal aspirational human need in the hierarchy.It represents where one's potential is fully realized after more basic needs, such as for the body and the ego, have been fulfilled.
Motivation and Personality [1] is a book on psychology by Abraham Maslow, first published in 1954.Maslow's work deals with the subject of the nature of human fulfillment and the significance of personal relationships, implementing a conceptualization of self-actualization. [2]
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a conceptualisation of the needs (or goals) that motivate human behaviour, which was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to Maslow’s original formulation, there are five sets of basic needs that are related to each other in a hierarchy of prepotency (or strength).
In 1969, psychologist Clayton Alderfer developed Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). The existence category is concerned with the need for providing the basic material existence requirements of humans.
Maslow had an optimistic and humanistic view of humanity. [7] He regarded people's innate drive towards self-actualization beneficial to society as a whole. [ 8 ] In Maslow's view, once people's basic needs were met, they were free to explore their abilities and strive to further develop those innate abilities. [ 8 ]
Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs (lowest level), safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (highest level). [3] According to Maslow, a human is motivated by the level they have not yet reached, and self-actualization cannot be met until each of the lower levels has been fulfilled. [ 4 ]
Hence, for Maslow transcendence is not so much an extension of his original pyramid as an orthogonal dimension. Theory X, Y and Z all play a role in how a company should manage successfully. Maslow believed the ideal organization would harness the human drive for self-transcendence, as well as the motivations of his original pyramid.
Clayton Paul Alderfer (September 1, 1940 - October 30, 2015) [1] was an American psychologist and consultant known for developing Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs into a framework of three essential categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.