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In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. [1] [2] Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
Colorimetric analysis is a method of determining the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in a solution with the aid of a color reagent.It is applicable to both organic compounds and inorganic compounds and may be used with or without an enzymatic stage.
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...
The aqueous phase in contact with the mercury and the mercury(I) chloride (Hg 2 Cl 2, "calomel") is a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water. The electrode is normally linked via a porous frit (sometimes coupled to a salt bridge ) to the solution in which the other electrode is immersed.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) [1] is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography.
Thus, it may be simply placed in a test tube and heated over a burner. If the test tube is equipped with a one-holed stopper and hose, warm oxygen can be drawn off. The reaction is as follows: 2 KClO 3 (s) + MnO 2 (cat) → 3 O 2 (g) + 2 KCl(s) Heating it in the absence of a catalyst converts it into potassium perchlorate: [8] 4 KClO 3 → 3 ...
For long-term in situ measurements, it is critical to minimize the KCl leak from the reference electrode compartment (Ag / AgCl / KCl 3 M), and to use glycerol-free electrodes [8] to avoid fuelling microbial growth, and to prevent unexpected but severe perturbations related to bacterial activity (pH decrease due to sulfate-reducing bacteria, or ...