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The FASEB Journal; Frontiers in Biology; International Journal of Biological Sciences; International Journal of Biometeorology; Journal of Circadian Rhythms; The Journal of Experimental Biology; Journal of Lipid Research; Journal of Natural History; Journal of Theoretical Biology; Nature Protocols; Nature Reviews Drug Discovery; Oecologia ...
Banana paper is a type of paper created from banana plant bark or banana peel fibers. Banana paper has a lower density, higher stiffness, higher disposability, higher renewability, and higher tensile strength compared to traditional paper. [ 1 ]
Agricultural waste is used as a raw material for sustainable paper and board by the company PaperWise. The stalks and leaves that remain after harvesting are processed into raw material for paper and board. With PaperWise, the cellulose needed for paper is extracted from agricultural waste. This replaces the proportion of cellulose fibres from ...
The Alpena biorefinery plant in the USA. A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts (such as chemicals). The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 42 defined biorefining as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)". [1]
Yellow slime mold growing on a bin of wet paper. Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. [a] [2] It is generally assumed to be a natural process, which differentiates it from composting.
A bio-based material is a material intentionally made, either wholly or partially, from substances derived from living (or once-living) organisms, [1] such as plants, animals, enzymes, and microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Many processes designed to preserve food involve more than one food preservation method. Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, for example, involves boiling (to reduce the fruit's moisture content and to kill bacteria, etc.), sugaring (to prevent their re-growth) and sealing within an airtight jar (to prevent recontamination).
Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp , but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts , which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness.