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Dihydroxyacetone (/ ˌ d aɪ h aɪ ˌ d r ɒ k s i ˈ æ s ɪ t oʊ n / ⓘ; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C 3 H 6 O 3. DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is the anion with the formula HOCH 2 C(O)CH 2 OPO 3 2-. This anion is involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis. [1] [2] It is the phosphate ester of dihydroxyacetone.
Anomers are different in structure, and thus have different stabilizing and destabilizing effects from each other. The major contributors to the stability of a certain anomer are: The anomeric effect, which stabilizes the anomer that has an electron withdrawing group (typically an oxygen or nitrogen atom) in axial orientation on the ring. This ...
This gene is a member of the family of dihydroxyacetone kinases, which have a protein structure distinct from other kinases.The product of this gene phosphorylates dihydroxyacetone, and also catalyzes the formation of riboflavin 4',5'-phosphate (aka cyclic FMN) from FAD.
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. [2] Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism.
Glucose Hexokinase ATP ADP Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase-1 ATP ADP Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Triosephosphate isomerase 2 × Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 2 × Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD + + P i NADH + H + NAD + + P i NADH + H + 2 ...
The structure of TPI facilitates the conversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). The nucleophilic glutamate 165 residue of TPI deprotonates the substrate , [ 4 ] and the electrophilic histidine 95 residue donates a proton to form the enediol intermediate.