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Etruscan inscription TINIA on an altar stone from Volsinii. Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. [1] However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that Veltha, not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans. [2]
Etruscan goddess identified with Greek Aphrodite and Roman Venus. She appears in the expression, Turan ati, "Mother Turan", equivalent to Venus Genetrix. [52] Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem Tur-'to give.' Turmś, Turms: Etruscan god identified with Greek Hermes and Roman Mercurius.
Ruling over them were higher deities that seem to reflect the Indo-European system: Tin or Tinia, the sky, Uni his wife , Nethuns, god of the waters, and Cel, the earth goddess. As a third layer, the Greek gods and heroes were adopted by the Etruscan system during the Etruscan Orientalizing Period of 750/700–600 BC. [18]
She is identified as the Etruscan equivalent of Juno in Roman mythology, and Hera in Greek mythology. [1] As the supreme goddess of the Etruscan pantheon , she is part of the Etruscan trinity, an original precursor to the Capitoline Triad , [ 2 ] made up of her husband Tinia , the god of the sky, and daughter Menrva , the goddess of wisdom.
Hercle can be recognized in Etruscan art from his attributes, or is sometimes identified by name. Since Etruscan literature has not survived, the meaning of the scenes in which he appears can only be interpreted by comparison to Greek and Roman myths, through information about Etruscan myths preserved by Greek and Latin literature, or through conjectural reconstructions based on other Etruscan ...
A Roman wall painting showing the Egyptian goddess Isis (seated right) welcoming the Greek heroine Io to Egypt. Interpretatio graeca (Latin for 'Greek translation'), or "interpretation by means of Greek [models]", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to identify foreign deities with their own gods.
The region became a part of the Roman Republic after the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Heavily influenced by Ancient Greek culture, Etruscan art is characterized by the use of terracotta, metalworking—especially in bronze—as well as jewelry and engraved gems. [10] Metal and bronze trinkets from the Mediterranean rapidly began to appear around Etruria.
The Liber Lintaeus connects Thesan with the Etruscan sun god Usil, equivalent to the Greek Helios and Roman Sol. [3] [12] She has her arm around Usil’s back, implying a connection that Helios and Eos do not have. [12] A fourth century mirror now shows her in conversation with both Usil and Nethuns (Etruscan Neptune / Poseidon). [13]