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The shapefile format is a digital vector storage format for storing geographic location and associated attribute information. This format lacks the capacity to store topological information. The shapefile format was introduced with ArcView GIS version 2 in the early 1990s. It is now possible to read and write geographical datasets using the ...
In geographic information systems, a feature is an object that can have a geographic location and other properties. [1] Common types of geometries include points , arcs , and polygons . Carriageways and cadastres are examples of feature data.
Shapefile – open, hybrid vector data format using SHP, SHX and DBF files (by ESRI) Spatial Data File – high-performance geodatabase format, native to MapGuide (by Autodesk ) TIGER – Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
Raster data is stored in various formats; from a standard file-based structure of TIFF, JPEG, etc. to binary large object (BLOB) data stored directly in a relational database management system (RDBMS) similar to other vector-based feature classes. Database storage, when properly indexed, typically allows for quicker retrieval of the raster data ...
When working with geodatabases, it is important to understand feature classes which are a set of features, represented with points, lines, or polygons. With shapefiles, each file can only handle one type of feature. A geodatabase can store multiple feature classes or type of features within one file. [72]
A feature may or may not have geometric aspects. A geometry object defines a location or region instead of a physical entity, and hence is different from a feature. In GML, a feature can have various geometry properties that describe geometric aspects or characteristics of the feature (e.g. the feature's Point or Extent properties).
Time-stamped features, in which the dataset includes features valid at a variety of times, with each feature stamped by the time during which it was valid (i.e., by "start date" and "end date" columns in the attribute table.). Some GIS software, such as ArcGIS Pro, natively supports this model, with functionality including animation.
Shapefile (Esri 1992–present) As the GIS industry grew to incorporate more casual users, the inherent complexity of the coverage data structure became a concern. When Esri released ArcView GIS 2.0 in 1992, it introduced the new shapefile format for vector data. This was a much simpler data model, eliminating features such as topology, but was ...