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Rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, infection of the valves [1] Usual onset: 2–4 weeks after a streptococcal throat infection, age 5–14 years [2] Causes: Autoimmune disease triggered by pathogenic strains of Streptococcus [1] Risk factors: Genetic factors, malnutrition and poverty. [1] Diagnostic method
Acutely, it can cause pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade and death. After healing, there may be fibrosis and adhesion of the pericardium with the heart leading to constriction of the heart and reduced cardiac function. Myocarditis: Here the muscle bulk of the heart gets inflamed. Inflamed muscles have reduced functional capacity.
Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever, which frequently manifests with carditis and valvulitis, [ 20 ] is a late sequela of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection in the throat, often lagging the initial infection by weeks to months. [ 21 ]
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes I05-I09 within Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system should be included in this category.
Chronic rheumatic heart disease mostly affects the mitral valve, which can become thickened with calcification of the leaflets, often causing fusion of the commissures and chordae tendineae. Other findings of ARF include erythema marginatum (usually over the spine or other bony areas) and a red expanding rash on the trunk and extremities that ...
Viral infections are the most common cause in developed countries, with a majority of cases being caused by those with single-stranded RNA genomes, such as Coxsackie viruses (especially Coxsackie B3 and B5). [19] [20] Globally, Chagas disease is the leading cause of myocarditis, which results from infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi ...
The symptoms of TR depend on its severity. Severe TR causes right-sided heart failure, with the development of ascites and peripheral edema. [1] In severe cases of right heart failure due to TR, venous congestion of the kidneys and liver may lead to cardiorenal syndrome (kidney failure secondary to heart failure) and cardiohepatic syndromes (liver failure secondary to heart failure ...
Almost all cases of mitral stenosis are due to disease in the heart secondary to rheumatic fever and the consequent rheumatic heart disease. [3] [5] Uncommon causes of mitral stenosis are calcification [6] [7] of the mitral valve leaflets, and as a form of congenital heart disease. It is the most common valvular heart disease in pregnancy. [8 ...
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