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Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. It gives bones their compressive strength . Bone mineral is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxyapatite [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with lower crystallinity.
Carbon is another alternative with similar mechanical properties to bone, and it also features blood compatibility, no tissue reaction, and non-toxicity to cells. Bioinert ceramics do not exhibit bonding with the bone, known as osseointegration. However, bioactivity of bioinert ceramics can be achieved by forming composites with bioactive ceramics.
Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface. The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts. Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and ...
The formation of neocartilage can also be induced with bioactive glass by using an in vitro culture of chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels and can serve as a subchondral substrate for tissue-engineered osteochondral constructs. [1] The borate-based bioactive glass has controllable degradation rates in order to match the rate at which actual bone is ...
Further optical microscopy revealed bone cell and blood vessel growth within the area of the implant which was proof of biocompatibility between the bone and implant. [ 7 ] Bioactive glass was the first material found to create a strong bond with living bone tissue.
The basis of bone tissue engineering is that the materials will be resorbed and replaced over time by the body’s own newly regenerated biological tissue. [ 60 ] Tissue engineering is not only limited to the bone: a large amount of research is devoted to cartilage, [ 64 ] ligament, [ 65 ] skeletal muscle, [ 66 ] skin, [ 67 ] blood vessel, [ 68 ...
In bone for example, the organic layer is the protein collagen. [3] The degree of mineral in mineralized tissues varies and the organic component occupies a smaller volume as tissue hardness increases. [1] [18] However, without this organic portion, the biological material would be brittle and break easily.
Artificial bone refers to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc. [1] Bone fracture, which is a complete or partial break in the bone, is a very common condition that has more than three million US cases per year. [ 2 ]