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California's Low-emission vehicle (LEV) program defines six automotive emission standards which are stricter than the United States' national Tier regulations. Each standard has several targets depending on vehicle weight and cargo capacity; the regulations cover vehicles with test weights up to 14,000 pounds (6,400 kg).
Typical monitored emissions include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, airborne particulate matter, mercury, volatile organic compounds, and oxygen. CEM systems can also measure air flow, flue gas opacity and moisture. A monitoring system that measures particulate matter is referred to as a PEMS.
Japan introduced its own standards that are similar but not harmonized to the US Tier 3 and Europe Stage III A. Brazil adopted the resolution in 2011 to set emission standards that are equivalent to US Tier 3 and European Stage III A. [4] In Australia, the definition includes some stationary engines such as electric generators and pumps. [6]
The NTE cap is set at 1.25 times the FTP emission limit as described in the subsection above. For 2005 model year heavy-duty engines, the NTE emission cap for NMHC plus NOx is 1.25 times 2.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour, or 3.125 grams per brake horsepower-hour. The basic NTE control area for diesel engines has three basic boundaries on the ...
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect ...
Since 1 April 2018, Euro 4, Tier 2, and EPA 2007 are mandated in Peru. [83] Since 8 October 2018, all new petrol cars in Indonesia must comply with Euro 4. [84] Since 1 July 2019, all new heavy vehicles in Mexico must comply with EPA 07 and Euro 5. [85] Since 1 April 2020, all new 2, 3 or 4-wheelers in India must comply with BS VI (similar to ...
The Tier 4 standards require that emissions of PM and NOx be further reduced by about 90%. These emission reductions have been achieved through the use of advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment technologies, with most Tier 4 engine families using urea-SCR catalysts with a Diesel exhaust fluid for NOx control and optionally a particulate filter [15]
The WLTP is divided into 4 different sub-parts, each one with a different maximum speed: Low, up to 56.5 km/h; Medium, up to 76.6 km/h; High, up to 97.4 km/h; Extra-high, up to 131.3 km/h. These driving phases simulate urban, suburban, rural and highway scenarios respectively, with an equal division between urban and non-urban paths (52% and 48 ...