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In toxicology, the margin of exposure (or MOE) of a substance is the ratio of its no-observed-adverse-effect level to its theoretical, predicted, or estimated dose or concentration of human intake. [1] It is used in risk assessment to determine the dangerousness of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. [2]
Equivalently, if the risk of an outcome is decreased by the exposure, the term absolute risk reduction (ARR) is used, and computed as . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The inverse of the absolute risk reduction is the number needed to treat , and the inverse of the absolute risk increase is the number needed to harm .
The Hierarchy of Occupational Exposure Limits, of which occupational exposure banding is a member. Occupational exposure banding, also known as hazard banding, is a process intended to quickly and accurately assign chemicals into specific categories (bands), each corresponding to a range of exposure concentrations designed to protect worker health.
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
Risk-weighted asset (also referred to as RWA) is a bank's assets or off-balance-sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. [1] This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for a financial institution.
The DNEL is to be published in the manufacturer's chemical safety report (CSR) and, for hazard communication, in an extended safety data sheet. Correspondent to REACH legislation, the registrant (manufacturer or importer) of a substance has to indicate the DNELs for the most probable way of exposition (oral, dermal, inhalative) and the expected ...
The Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limit Values (SCOEL) is a committee of the European Commission established in 1995 to advise on occupational exposure limits for chemicals in the workplace within the framework of: Directive 98/24/EC, the chemical agents directive; and; Directive 90/394/EEC, the carcinogens at work directive.
Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice. Statistically, the level of downside risk can be calculated as the product of the probability that harm occurs (e.g., that an accident happens) multiplied by the severity of that harm (i.e., the average amount of harm or more conservatively the maximum credible amount of harm).