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During the Palaiologan period, the insigne of the reigning dynasty, and the closest thing to a Byzantine "national flag", according to Soloviev, was the so-called "tetragrammatic cross", a gold or silver cross with four letters beta "Β" (often interpreted as firesteels) of the same color, one in each corner. [43][44]
Byzantium. The color Byzantium is a particular dark tone of purple. It originates in modern times, and, despite its name, it should not be confused with Tyrian purple (hue rendering), the color historically used by Roman and Byzantine emperors. The latter, often also referred to as "Tyrian red", is more reddish in hue, and is in fact often ...
The actual flag of the Palaiologan-era Byzantine Empire was based on the tetragrammatic cross in gold on a red background. This design also forms the basis for another flag used by the Orthodox Church of Greece, with the added inscription of TOYTῼ NIKA (i.e. in hoc signo vinces).
Golden cross with four betas on red field. cf. Byzantine flags and insignia: c.a 1350 Flag of the "Empire of Constantinople" in the "Book of All Kingdoms". A quartered flag, I and IV, white with a red cross, II and III, red with a yellow cross couped, with each of its quarters taken by yellow fire steels which are corrupted Greek Betas. c.a 1300
The double-headed eagle is an iconographic symbol originating in the Bronze Age. A heraldic charge, it is used with the concept of an empire. Most modern uses of the emblem are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, originally a dynastic emblem of the Palaiologoi.
Solidus, denarius, and hyperpyron. The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The eastern half of the Empire survived the conditions that caused the fall of the West in the 5th century AD, and continued to exist ...
A gold Lion of St. Mark on a field of dark red accompanied by six sestiere on the fly The original version of the year 1659 at the Museo Correr The Flag of the Republic of Venice , commonly known as the Banner or Standard of Saint Mark ( stendardo di San Marco ), was the symbol of the Republic of Venice , until its dissolution in 1797.
The only dynastic emblem we know of for sure is the tetragrammic cross of the Palaiologoi, which was also de facto the "Flag of the Byzantine Empire" in the 13th-15th centuries. The dibellion might serve as a unifying symbol (although it was the emperor's personal flag rather than a state flag), and there are references to a chequerboard ...