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Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory describes four major stages from birth through puberty, the last of which starts at 12 years and has no terminating age: [11] Sensorimotor: (birth to 2 years), Preoperations: (2 to 7 years), Concrete operations: (7 to 11 years), and Formal Operations: (from 12 years). Each stage has at least two ...
Relates clock time to daily schedule: "Time to turn on the TV when the little hand points to 5." Some children can tell time on the hour: five o'clock, two o'clock. Knows what a calendar is for. Recognizes and identifies coins; beginning to count and save money. Many children know the alphabet and names of upper- and lowercase letters.
The pyramid begins at the bottom with physiological needs (the most prepotent of all) and culminates at the top with self-actualization needs. In his later writings, Maslow added a sixth level of ‘meta-needs’ and metamotivation. [4] [5] The hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow is one of his most enduring contributions to psychology. [6]
Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years old are able to use past tense, have a vocabulary of about 1,500 words, and ask questions like "why?" and "who?". [ 131 ] By age 6, the child has a vocabulary of 2,600 words, is able to form sentences of 5–6 words and use a variety of different types of sentences. [ 131 ]
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age.
Play is a major activity for ages 3–5. For Piaget, through play "a child reaches higher levels of cognitive development." [124] In their expanded world, children in the 3–5 age group attempt to find their own way. If this is done in a socially acceptable way, the child develops the initiative. If not, the child develops guilt. [125]
Pediatric psychology is a multidisciplinary field of both scientific research and clinical practice which attempts to address the psychological aspects of illness, injury, and the promotion of health behaviors in children, adolescents, and families in a pediatric health setting. Psychological issues are addressed in a developmental framework ...
Physiological hyperarousal is defined by increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, in response to threat. [11] Physiological hyperarousal is unique to anxiety disorders. [ 2 ] [ 12 ] Some symptoms of physiological hyperarousal include: shortness of breath, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, dry mouth, trembling or shaking, and sweaty palms.