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Some birds will respond to a shared song type with a song-type match (i.e. with the same song type). [24] This may be an aggressive signal; however, results are mixed. [23] Birds may also interact using repertoire-matches, wherein a bird responds with a song type that is in its rival's repertoire but is not the song that it is currently singing ...
Avian respiratory and vocal anatomy. When birds inhale, air is passed from the mouth, through the trachea, which forks into two bronchi connecting to the lungs. [8] The primary vocal organ of birds is called the syrinx, which is located at the fork of the trachea, and is not present in mammals. [9]
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The syrinx (from the Greek word "σύριγξ" for pan pipes) is the vocal organ of birds. Located at the base of a bird's trachea , it produces sounds without the vocal folds of mammals. [ 1 ] The sound is produced by vibrations of some or all of the membrana tympaniformis (the walls of the syrinx) and the pessulus , caused by air flowing ...
The young of some birds learn to communicate vocally by social learning, imitating their parents, as well as the dominant birds of their flock.Lacking vocal cords, birds are thought to make tones and sounds using throat muscles and membranes – the syrinx in particular. [5]
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. [1]
HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium.It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X. [1] It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through ...