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The electric field gradient is the rate at which the electric field falls off, and it is strongest on such edges and lines and points. You can use the gym analogy to see why that is. Imagine the mutual disdain of the students for each other as behaving like spooky spiky hair that extends ghost-like for many meters out from each student.
The electric field at any point is the sum of all the fields due to each individual charge in the system. The field has a magnitude and a direction. The field lines are a representation of the magnitude and direction of the field over an illustrated area. The field lines point in the direction of the field.
The electric field lines extend away from a positive charge They move forward a negative charge Let's take parallel plates, which make a uniform electric field.If we take the basic learning , which I mentioned, in accounts, it's very easy to understand that this is the direction of a positive charge object if we put the object between the plate ...
So, this is another reason why electric field lines can't form closed loops. The magnetic field lines of a magnet form continuous closed loops, this is unlike electric dipole where the field lines begin from a positive charge and end on the negative charge or escape to infinity. Field lines of a bar magnet. Field lines of an electric dipole.
By convention, electric field lines are said to start from a positive charge and end at a negative charge. As you can see in the above figure, the field lines come to an abrupt stop at the surface of the charge. When there isn't any charge, the electric field lines must be continuous. The only place where they can start or end is at a charge.
Other field lines represent other useful information, like electric field lines represents the motion of a free charge if it were placed on that line (if no other forces were to act on it). Or gravitational field lines representing lines of equal gravitational potential.
Field lines are a graphical representation of a vector field (you can draw as many lines as you like). In a well drawn three dimensional sketch, the line density will be proportional to the field strength in each region. Electric field lines should start and end on charges with the number of lines proportional to the charge.
A quantity of electric flux can be represented by a field line. If the net flux in/out of a volume is zero, then the number of field lines going in equals the number of field lines coming out. This will equally be true for any smaller subset of a chargeless volume, so the field lines are simply continuous.
An electric field line is a line whose direction at every point along it is the direction of the electric field, $\mathbf E$, at that point. This means that a positive charged particle (such as a proton) at a point P in an electric field will experience a force in the direction of the field line through P. But if the field line is curved, a ...
When we find the electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor we assume that the electric field from both plates is $${\bf E}=\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}\hat{n.}$$ The factor of two in the denominator comes from the fact that there is a surface charge density on both sides of the (very thin) plates.