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Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Templates that generate, format and/or modify the display of lists. See also Category:Table templates and Category:Multi-column templates . The pages listed in this category are meant to be formatting and function templates.
In all versions of Python, boolean operators treat zero values or empty values such as "", 0, None, 0.0, [], and {} as false, while in general treating non-empty, non-zero values as true. The boolean values True and False were added to the language in Python 2.2.1 as constants (subclassed from 1 and 0 ) and were changed to be full blown ...
In computer science, the reduction operator [1] is a type of operator that is commonly used in parallel programming to reduce the elements of an array into a single result. . Reduction operators are associative and often (but not necessarily) commutat
Various languages differ on this. Some raise an exception. Some stop after the length of the shortest list and ignore extra items on the other lists. Some continue on to the length of the longest list, and for the lists that have already ended, pass some placeholder value to the function indicating no value.
Given a function that accepts an array, a range query (,) on an array = [,..,] takes two indices and and returns the result of when applied to the subarray [, …,].For example, for a function that returns the sum of all values in an array, the range query (,) returns the sum of all values in the range [,].
Format check Checks that the data is in a specified format (template), e.g., dates have to be in the format YYYY-MM-DD. Regular expressions may be used for this kind of validation. Presence check Checks that data is present, e.g., customers may be required to have an email address. Range check
In functional programming, filter is a higher-order function that processes a data structure (usually a list) in some order to produce a new data structure containing exactly those elements of the original data structure for which a given predicate returns the Boolean value true.