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There is broad agreement that there are epistemic dilemmas but the main interest in ethical dilemmas takes place on the ontological level. Traditionally, philosophers held that it is a requirement for good moral theories to be free from ethical dilemmas. But this assumption has been questioned in contemporary philosophy.
Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was a nursing theorist, nursing professor and developer of the concept of transcultural nursing. First published in 1961, [ 1 ] her contributions to nursing theory involve the discussion of what it is to care.
Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and conscientious structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena". [1] Through systematic inquiry, whether in nursing research or practice, nurses are able to develop knowledge relevant to improving the care of patients.
Outline of epistemology at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project; What Is Epistemology? – a brief introduction to the topic by Keith DeRose. Epistemology Introduction, Part 1 and Part 2 by Paul Newall at the Galilean Library. Teaching Theory of Knowledge – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical ...
The research emerged in part from William G. Perry's research on the cognitive intellectual development of male Harvard College students. [1] [4] Developmental theories of epistemic cognition in this model have been developed by Deanna Kuhn and others, with a focus on the sequential phases of development characterising changes in views of knowledge and knowing.
W. V. Quine challenged traditional epistemology with his philosophy of naturalized epistemology. Epistemology is commonly defined as the "theory of knowledge". In this sense, it investigates the nature of knowledge and how far it extends, but epistemologists also investigate other concepts such as justification, understanding and rationality. [20]
Principlism is an applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas centering the application of certain ethical principles. This approach to ethical decision-making has been prevalently adopted in various professional fields, largely because it sidesteps complex debates in moral philosophy at the theoretical level.
Applied epistemology is also used in evaluating philosophical issues. This is the case when empirical perspective is applied to test philosophical theories. [35] While this approach does not eliminate analytic and conceptual issues, it can make them clearer. [35]