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Extinct or near-extinct American English. Boontling "Good American Speech": Mid-Atlantic or Transatlantic English; Elite Northeastern American English; Older Southern American English; American English-based hybrid languages (creoles or pidgins) Afro-Seminole Creole; Gullah language/Sea Island Creole English, South-East US related to Bahamian ...
For scholars who view language from the perspective of linguistic competence, essentially the knowledge of language and grammar that exists in the mind of an individual language user, the idiolect, is a way of referring to the specific knowledge. For scholars who regard language as a shared social practice, the idiolect is more like a dialect ...
Unique among the other Chinese language varieties, Cantonese has its own written form, but it is largely used in informal contexts, such as personal communication, internet slang, advertising, music, and film. Literate Chinese speakers can read and write in the Mandarin-based standard written language.
Comparable variations would be British English, American English, and Indian English, that would be represented through a computer corpora. [2] The corpora are used by researchers to compare the syntax of the varieties of English. [3] ICE corpora completion would have comprehensive linguistic analysis of varieties of English that have emerged. [4]
Variation is a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing in a given language. Variation can exist in domains such as pronunciation (e.g., more than one way of pronouncing the same phoneme or the same word), lexicon (e.g., multiple words with the same meaning), grammar (e.g., different syntactic constructions expressing the same grammatical function), and ...
Аԥсшәа; العربية; বাংলা; Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Boarisch; Dansk; Deutsch; Ελληνικά; Español; Esperanto; فارسی
In the context of language varieties, abstand indicates the discontinuity of two dialects; in the words of Kloss, there is a "definite break" between the varieties. [2] An abstand language is a cluster of varieties that is distinctly separate from any other language. European examples include Basque and Breton. [2]
A language or language variety is said to be conservative if it has fewer new developments or changes than related varieties do. For example, Icelandic is, in some aspects, more similar to Old Norse than other languages that evolved from Old Norse, including Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish, while Sardinian (especially the Nuorese dialects) and ...