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There are three species within the genus Fasciola: Fasciola nyanzae, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are known to form hybrids. Both F. hepatica and F. gigantica and their hybrids infect the liver tissue of a wide variety of mammals, including humans, in a condition known as fascioliasis.
Fasciola gigantica causes outbreaks in tropical areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.The geographical distribution of F. gigantica overlaps with F. hepatica in many African and Asian countries and sometimes in the same country, although in such cases, the ecological requirement of the flukes and their snail hosts are distinct.
Fasciola hepatica infects various animal species, mostly herbivores. [27] Fasciolosis is caused by two digenetic trematodes F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Adult flukes of both species are localized in the bile ducts of the liver or gallbladder. F. hepatica measures 2 to 3 cm and has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Adult trematodes of Fasciolidae range in length from 2 cm, for species of Parafasciolopsis, and 10 cm, for species such as Fasciola gigantica. The oral and ventral suckers are usually located. the cercariae are of a gymnocephalic shape. [2]
A detailed account of the F. magna life cycle was given by Swales (1935), Erhardová-Kotrlá (1971), and reviewed by Pybus (2001). [1] [2] [4] The cercariae of F. magna shed from the snail. Adult flukes occur in pairs or groups within a fibrous capsule in the liver parenchyma of the definitive host. Mature flukes release eggs which are ...
When trematodes are at the metacercariae stage in their life cycle, humans and other definitive hosts such as mammals and birds can be infected. [9] In humans, adult trematodes can survive for 25 years. [5] Fasciola hepatica, a species of trematode that causes trematodiases, and infects the liver
Fasciola hepatica Egg of Dicrocoelium sp.. Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes. [1] They are principally parasites of the liver of various mammals, including humans.
Fasciola hepatica is one of the largest flukes of the world, reaching a length of 30 mm and a width of 13 mm (Fasciola gigantica, though, is even bigger and can reach up to 75 mm). [16] It is leaf-shaped, pointed at the back (posteriorly), and wide in the front (anteriorly).