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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Division of Intercourse and Education; Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars. 1914 Author Th. Weinreb / Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Map showing the borders of the Balkan states before and after both Balkan Wars.. The League of the Balkans was a quadruple alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Eastern Orthodox kingdoms of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, [1] which still controlled much of Southeastern Europe.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Balkan_1912.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0 . 2012-01-08T13:13:41Z Furfur 966x924 (1413561 Bytes) ...nochmal; 2012-01-08T13:08:59Z Furfur 966x924 (738600 Bytes) kleine Korrektur
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The Balkan Wars were two wars that took place in the Balkans in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, was defeated in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost nearly all of its holdings in Europe.
By 1923, only 38% of the Muslim population of 1912 still lived in the Balkans and majority of Balkan Turks had been killed or expelled. [55] The unexpected fall and sudden relinquishing of Turkish-dominated European territories created a traumatic event amongst many Turks that triggered the ultimate collapse of the empire itself within five years.
1912 was to be an eventful year in Rumelia. From August, the Ottoman Government recognised the autonomy of Albania. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In October 1912, the Balkan states, following their own national aspirations [ 9 ] [ 10 ] jointly attacked the Ottoman Empire and during the next few months partitioned nearly all of Rumelia , the Ottoman territories ...
It is estimated that in the years 1912–1914 c. 890,000 civilians of various nationalities crossed the borders of the Balkan countries, including also those of the Ottoman Empire. [102] The intense influx of refugees from the region and the news of the massacres caused a deep shock in the Ottoman mainland.