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The congenital heart block is a rare disease that affects around 1 child in every 15,000–20,000 births. [3] However, its high mortality (which can be as high as 85% in some severe cases) makes the early diagnosis and intervention very important. [ 1 ]
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in an infant born to a mother with anti-Ro/SSA and with or without anti-La/SSB antibodies. [1] [2] The disease most commonly presents with a diffuse/periorbital rash resembling subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and can have systemic abnormalities such as complete heart block or hepatosplenomegaly. [3]
The cause of congenital third-degree heart block in many patients is unknown. Studies suggest that the prevalence of congenital third-degree heart block is between 1 in 15,000 and 1 in 22,000 live births. [citation needed] Hyperkalemia in those with previous cardiac disease [8] and Lyme disease can also result in third-degree heart block. [9]
Most congenital heart defects are not associated with other diseases. [3] A complication of CHD is heart failure. [2] Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. [3] [11] In 2015, they were present in 48.9 million people globally. [8] They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births, depending upon how they are diagnosed.
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is an uncommon congenital heart condition characterized by faulty development of the heart's septa and valves. [88] [12] Congestive heart failure is common in infants with the entire version of the condition. [88] [12] Fluid builds up in other parts of the body, particularly the lungs.
This gives the infant time to grow, increasing the size of, and thereby the ease of operation on, the heart, as well as the ease of recovery. Infants will generally require surgery within three to six months, however, they may be able to go up to two years before the operation becomes necessary, depending on the severity of the defect.
The heart rate produced by the ventricles is much slower than that produced by the SA node. [1] Some AV blocks are benign, or normal, in certain people, such as in athletes or children. Other blocks are pathologic, or abnormal, and have several causes, including ischemia, infarction, fibrosis, and drugs.
Heart block (HB) [1] is a disorder in the heart's rhythm due to a fault in the natural pacemaker. [2] This is caused by an obstruction – a block – in the electrical conduction system of the heart.