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In organic chemistry, the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid, under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide, with expulsion of nitrogen.
The reaction of a substituted amide with phosphorus oxychloride gives a substituted chloroiminium ion (2), also called the Vilsmeier reagent. The initial product is an iminium ion (4b), which is hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone or aldehyde during workup. [7] The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction
The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammonium acetate or ammonia.
The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. [1] The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who first reported the reaction in 1899. [1] Baeyer-Villiger oxidation
[4] [5] The reaction has since been extended to the synthesis of β-keto esters from the condensation between aldehydes and diazo esters. [6] The general reaction scheme is as follows: General Scheme for Buchner Reaction. The reaction yields two possible carbonyl compounds (I and II) along with an epoxide (III). The ratio of the products is ...
The Stobbe condensation entails the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an ester of succinic acid to generate alkylidene succinic acid or related derivatives. [1] The reaction consumes one equivalent of metal alkoxide. Commonly, diethylsuccinate is a component of the reaction. The usual product is salt of the half-ester.
At low pH values, it efficiently reduces aldehydes and ketones. [7] As the pH increases, the reduction rate slows and instead, the imine intermediate becomes preferential for reduction. [ 7 ] For this reason, NaBH 3 CN is an ideal reducing agent for one-pot direct reductive amination reactions that don't isolate the intermediate imine.
The Norrish type I reaction is the photochemical cleavage or homolysis of aldehydes and ketones into two free radical intermediates (α-scission). The carbonyl group accepts a photon and is excited to a photochemical singlet state. Through intersystem crossing the triplet state can be obtained.