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The military of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) were the armed forces of the Yuan dynasty, a fragment of the Mongol Empire that Kublai Khan established as a Mongol-led dynasty of China. The forces of the Yuan were based on the troops that were loyal to Kublai after the Division of the Mongol Empire in 1260.
Hufu (Chinese: 胡服; pinyin: húfú; Korean: 호복; Hanja: 胡服; RR: hobok), also referred as Hu clothing, [1] nomadic dress, [2] 'barbarian' clothing or dress, [3] [4] or foreign dress, [5] is a generic term which refers to any clothing which was worn in ancient China and its surrounding regions by non-Han Chinese people.
After the founding of the Yuan dynasty, the Mongols strongly influenced the lifestyle and customs of the Han people. [6]: 138 According to the History of Yuan, "when the Yuan Dynasty was founded, clothing and carriage decorations followed the old customs. Kublai Khan took the customs from the Jin and Song dynasty to the Han and Tang dynasty". [7]
In the Ming dynasty, the Zhisun was mainly worn as a regular clothing by military officials, [12] such as the court guards and guards of honour, who are referred as xiaowei (Chinese: 校尉). [1] In 1373 AD, the clothing of the imperial body guards was changed to the zhisun, a solid colour robe which had been inherited from the Yuan dynasty. [16]
Mandarin squares were first authorized for the wear of officials in the sumptuary laws of 1391 of the Ming dynasty. [4]: 235 The use of squares depicting birds for civil officials and animals for military officials was an outgrowth of the use of similar squares, apparently for decorative use, in the Yuan dynasty. [5]
Banbi (Chinese: 半臂; lit. 'half-arm'), [1] also known as banxiu (Chinese: 半袖; lit. 'half-sleeves') [2] and sometimes referred as beizi (Chinese: 褙子) or half-beizi (i.e. short-sleeved beizi) before the term beizi eventually came to refer to a long-sleeved beizi in the Song dynasty, [3] and referred as dahu in the Yuan dynasty, [2] is an upper garment item in Hanfu.
The Shumiyuan (Bureau of Military Affairs) was created by Emperor Daizong of Tang (r. 762-779) for provisional palace secretary work. This bureau was staffed with eunuchs. Although assignments to the Shumiyuan were not regularized, the secretaries wielded great power and were able to influence accession to the throne as well as the appointment and dismissal of chancellor
The History of Yuan states that a Jurchen commander by the name of Li Ting led a group of soldiers equipped with hand cannons into a military camp in 1288, as part of an anti-rebellion campaign for the Yuan dynasty. [4] The cannon currently resides at the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum in Harbin, China. [5]